Acyanotic CHD Flashcards¶
Anki-compatible flashcards for Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease board review.
Q: What is the most common congenital heart defect? A: VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) - 30-35% of all CHD Tags: acyanotic-chd, vsd, epidemiology, high-yield
Q: What is the classic murmur of VSD? A: Holosystolic murmur at LLSB, may have thrill; smaller VSD = louder murmur (more turbulence) Tags: acyanotic-chd, vsd, murmur, high-yield
Q: When does a large VSD typically present with heart failure? A: 4-8 weeks of age (as PVR drops, L→R shunt increases) Tags: acyanotic-chd, vsd, presentation, high-yield
Q: Which type of VSD has the highest spontaneous closure rate? A: Muscular VSD - 80-90% close by age 2 Tags: acyanotic-chd, vsd, prognosis
Q: Which VSD type does NOT close spontaneously and risks aortic valve prolapse? A: Outlet (supracristal/doubly-committed subarterial) VSD Tags: acyanotic-chd, vsd, high-yield
Q: What is the classic auscultatory finding in ASD? A: Fixed split S2 - does not vary with respiration Tags: acyanotic-chd, asd, high-yield
Q: Which ASD type can be closed with a device? A: Secundum ASD (if adequate rims) Tags: acyanotic-chd, asd, treatment
Q: What is the classic murmur of PDA? A: Continuous "machinery" murmur at left infraclavicular area, loudest at end-systole continuing through S2 Tags: acyanotic-chd, pda, murmur, high-yield
Q: What clinical findings suggest significant PDA? A: Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, active precordium, continuous murmur Tags: acyanotic-chd, pda
Q: What CHD is strongly associated with Down syndrome? A: AVSD (Atrioventricular Septal Defect) - 40-50% of Down syndrome patients have CHD Tags: acyanotic-chd, avsd, genetics, high-yield
Q: What is the 4-extremity BP finding in coarctation? A: Upper extremity BP >20 mmHg higher than lower extremity BP Tags: acyanotic-chd, coarctation, diagnosis, high-yield
Q: What is the classic presentation of critical coarctation in a neonate? A: Shock when ductus closes (usually 1-2 weeks of life), absent femoral pulses, metabolic acidosis Tags: acyanotic-chd, coarctation, presentation, high-yield
Q: What is the most common valve abnormality associated with coarctation? A: Bicuspid aortic valve (50-80% of coarctation patients) Tags: acyanotic-chd, coarctation
Q: What syndrome is associated with coarctation? A: Turner syndrome (45,X) - screen all Turner patients with echo Tags: acyanotic-chd, coarctation, genetics
Q: What is the murmur of aortic stenosis? A: Systolic ejection murmur at RUSB radiating to carotids, +/- ejection click Tags: acyanotic-chd, aortic-stenosis, murmur
Q: What syndrome is associated with supravalvar aortic stenosis? A: Williams syndrome (7q11.23 deletion) - also has branch PA stenosis Tags: acyanotic-chd, aortic-stenosis, genetics, high-yield
Q: What is the gradient threshold for severe pulmonary stenosis? A: Peak gradient >50 mmHg (or symptoms at lower gradient) Tags: acyanotic-chd, pulmonary-stenosis, treatment
Q: What treatment is first-line for significant pulmonary valve stenosis? A: Balloon valvuloplasty (catheter-based intervention) Tags: acyanotic-chd, pulmonary-stenosis, treatment
Q: What defines hemodynamically significant left-to-right shunt? A: Qp:Qs ratio ≥1.5:1 (significant pulmonary overcirculation) Tags: acyanotic-chd, shunt, hemodynamics
Q: At what size VSD is intervention typically recommended? A: Large VSD with heart failure symptoms, or Qp:Qs ≥2:1, typically repaired at 3-6 months Tags: acyanotic-chd, vsd, treatment