Pediatric ECG Basics Flashcards¶
Anki-compatible flashcards for Pediatric ECG Interpretation board review.
Q: What is the normal heart rate range for a newborn? A: 100-180 bpm (can be up to 190 when crying) Tags: ecg, normal-values, high-yield
Q: What is the normal heart rate for a 1-year-old? A: 100-150 bpm Tags: ecg, normal-values
Q: What is the normal heart rate for an adolescent? A: 60-100 bpm (similar to adults) Tags: ecg, normal-values
Q: What is the normal PR interval range in children? A: 0.08-0.16 seconds (shorter in infants, longer with age); upper limit 0.20 sec in adolescents Tags: ecg, normal-values, pr-interval
Q: Why is rightward axis normal in newborns? A: Due to RV dominance in fetal circulation; normal newborn axis is +60° to +180° Tags: ecg, axis, newborn, high-yield
Q: When does the axis shift to leftward (LV dominance)? A: By 3-6 months of age, axis becomes similar to adults (+0° to +90°) Tags: ecg, axis
Q: What is the normal QRS duration in children? A: <0.08 sec in infants, <0.10 sec in older children (narrower than adults) Tags: ecg, normal-values, qrs
Q: What is the upper limit of normal for QTc in children? A: 450-460 ms (>470 ms definitely prolonged, 450-470 ms borderline) Tags: ecg, qtc, high-yield
Q: Which formula is used to calculate QTc? A: Bazett's formula: QTc = QT ÷ √RR (in seconds) Tags: ecg, qtc, calculation
Q: What does a dominant R wave in V1 suggest in an older child? A: RV hypertrophy (RVH) - normally V1 should have rS pattern after infancy Tags: ecg, rvh, high-yield
Q: What pattern suggests LVH on pediatric ECG? A: Tall R waves in V5-V6 (>98th percentile for age), deep S waves in V1-V2, +/- strain pattern (ST depression, T wave inversion) Tags: ecg, lvh
Q: What ECG finding is classic for WPW (pre-excitation)? A: Short PR (<0.12 sec), delta wave (slurred QRS upstroke), wide QRS Tags: ecg, wpw, high-yield
Q: What does a prolonged PR interval suggest? A: First-degree AV block (PR >0.20 sec in adolescents, >0.16 sec in infants) Tags: ecg, heart-block
Q: What is the significance of T wave inversion in V1-V3 in children? A: Normal variant in children (juvenile T wave pattern); becomes abnormal if persists into adulthood Tags: ecg, t-waves, normal-variant
Q: When is T wave inversion abnormal in pediatrics? A: T wave inversion in lateral leads (V5, V6, I, aVL), in the context of chest pain/syncope, or beyond typical age for juvenile pattern Tags: ecg, t-waves, abnormal
Q: What is the ECG hallmark of hyperkalemia in children? A: Peaked T waves → widened QRS → sine wave pattern (same as adults) Tags: ecg, hyperkalemia, emergency
Q: What ECG finding suggests ASD? A: rSR' pattern in V1 (incomplete RBBB pattern) with right axis deviation Tags: ecg, asd, chd
Q: What is the typical ECG pattern in HCM? A: LVH with deep Q waves (septal hypertrophy), possible ST-T changes, may have pre-excitation Tags: ecg, hcm, high-yield
Q: What does an extreme right axis deviation suggest? A: Consider tricuspid atresia, AV canal defect, or other complex CHD Tags: ecg, axis, chd
Q: How do you calculate heart rate from ECG? A: 300 ÷ number of large boxes between R waves, OR 1500 ÷ number of small boxes Tags: ecg, calculation, rate