Fetal Echo Indications Flashcards¶
Anki-compatible flashcards for Fetal Echocardiography Indications board review.
Q: What is the optimal gestational age for fetal echocardiography? A: 18-24 weeks (optimal visualization of cardiac structures) Tags: fetal-echo, timing, high-yield
Q: Is pregestational diabetes an indication for fetal echo? A: YES - 3-5% CHD risk; Note: Gestational diabetes is NOT an indication Tags: fetal-echo, maternal-indication, diabetes, high-yield
Q: What maternal autoimmune condition requires serial fetal echocardiography? A: Anti-Ro/La (SSA/SSB) positive autoimmune disease (SLE, Sjögren's) - risk of fetal heart block Tags: fetal-echo, maternal-indication, autoimmune
Q: At what nuchal translucency threshold should fetal echo be performed? A: Increased nuchal translucency >3.5mm (even with normal karyotype, CHD risk remains 5-7%) Tags: fetal-echo, fetal-indication, high-yield
Q: What is the CHD risk for a first-degree relative with CHD? A: 3-5% (indication for fetal echo) Tags: fetal-echo, familial-indication
Q: What medications are teratogenic and warrant fetal echo? A: Lithium, anticonvulsants (valproate, phenytoin), retinoic acid derivatives (isotretinoin) Tags: fetal-echo, maternal-indication, teratogens
Q: What fetal arrhythmia finding is usually benign? A: Isolated premature atrial contractions (PACs) - usually resolve, rarely need treatment Tags: fetal-echo, arrhythmia
Q: When should fetal SVT be treated in utero? A: SVT with hydrops or ventricular dysfunction, OR sustained SVT >200 bpm Tags: fetal-echo, arrhythmia, treatment
Q: What fetal finding on routine OB ultrasound requires urgent fetal echo? A: Hydrops fetalis, suspected cardiac anomaly, or abnormal 4-chamber view Tags: fetal-echo, fetal-indication, urgent
Q: What CHD lesions may be MISSED on fetal echo? A: Small VSDs, mild coarctation (isthmus normally small), secundum ASD (foramen ovale open), TAPVR, mild valve stenosis Tags: fetal-echo, limitations, high-yield
Q: What is the typical timing for serial fetal echos in anti-Ro/La positive pregnancy? A: Weekly or biweekly from 16-18 weeks through 26-28 weeks (heart block typically develops 18-24 weeks) Tags: fetal-echo, autoimmune, monitoring
Q: What type of fetal heart block is associated with maternal anti-Ro/La antibodies? A: Complete heart block (3rd degree AV block) - may require pacing at birth Tags: fetal-echo, heart-block, autoimmune
Q: What is the CHD risk in PKU (phenylketonuria)? A: 10-15% if uncontrolled - indication for fetal echo Tags: fetal-echo, maternal-indication
Q: Does IVF/assisted reproduction require fetal echo? A: Yes - modest increased risk (1.5-2x baseline) Tags: fetal-echo, maternal-indication
Q: What distinguishes fetal echocardiography from screening obstetric ultrasound? A: Fetal echo is a specialized diagnostic study performed by pediatric cardiologists for specific indications; OB ultrasound is routine screening Tags: fetal-echo, definition